Feb 11, 2005
Author: Michael Gough
I am often asked "Why Skype versus other solutions?" Well this is a loaded question...
I use Skype as a part of my regular Video Calls with my daughter which is called 'Virtual Visitation', but that is for another article. For more information about Virtual Visitation visit our parent website at:
http://www.InternetVisitation.org
I also use Skype for talking to family and friends. But "Why" Skype you ask. Well several reasons.
Skype to Skype calls are free
Great quality audio
Easy to use
It works anywhere you go
It is portable
It can call regular telephones
It is "cool"
It works on all popular operating systems
the hardware add-ons currently available and soon will be available
It works on a PocketPC
It can work just like a telephone - with a telephone
Non computer users can use it
Free is always a great way to get people to use something new when it comes to the Internet. Why Skype has succeeded where others have struggled are for many of the reasons I listed above, but the main ones IMHO are the following.
Skype is portable
Skype can be loaded on your home computer, laptop and PocketPC. It works on Windows, MAC, Linux and PocketPC operating systems and soon Cell phones. With being portable you need to also have a 'works anywhere' capability to be truly portable. 'Works anywhere' is our term that means that the solution does not need any custom configuration when it comes to networks and firewalls. So at home it works, at hotels for us traveling business people it works, hotspots, airports, family and friends homes when you visit them with your laptop. This is what makes Skype portable. Try taking your Vonage box with you everywhere you go. There are other VoIP solutions, but they have not been as successful as Skype... so "Why" Skype ?
Skype is free
Skype being free for computer to computer calls and being available on all the operating systems makes it 'cool'. Skype allows the 'geek' in us to call one another and it does not matter what operating system we are running and that is what is lacking in many of the other solutions to make it interesting to the masses. Though Windows is the dominant operating system we all use, there are many Mac and Linux users that want to communicate with Windows users and Skype allows just that - open voice communication between users of any operating system.
Being free while all of us spread the word about Skype is why it spread so quickly at first and got many of us to take a serious look at the beginning. Being FREE is what got other non 'geeks' to take a look and the audio quality is what hooked all of us.
Skype's dial out to a telephone SkypeOut is cheap. Skype's cost per minute versus a flat rate like Vonage and others offer is what VoIP needs and users want. We have all learned through Cell phone and Telephone companies flat rate calling plans that flat rates are not cost effective for most of us and we have seen them drop in price to gain market share. Calling cards and Cell phones helped to drive down the monthly flat rate costs and Skype has already made an impact to Vonage and others as I have seen their monthly rates drop to compete more with Skype. Unless you analyze your monthly calls and know exactly what you spend, use SkypeOut for a few months and do your own math, I think the answer is obvious. Unless you live on the phone, Skype will save you money.
Skype driving changes
Skype's fast growth and success has caused vendors to jump on board by either offering Skype with their products or by creating software and hardware that specifically works with Skype like the USB to RJ11 Gateways I discuss in another article. It is the availability of add-ons that take a product to the next level. Just look at the options available for the Apple iPod and what it has done for Apple and all their accessory makers. The reason other VoIP applications that are computer based have not grown as fast is this lack of product change and accessory creation. Skype is bringing VoIP to the rest of us.
You don't have to be a 'geek' to use Skype
Skype is cheap, Skype is portable, Skype is 'cool', but you do not have to be very computer literate to like or use Skype. Once you experience the quality and the ease of use and that it can be used just like a telephone - Read my article "Using Skype without being at your computer" to understand just how to use Skype with and just like a regular phone. This is "Why" Skype is 'cool' and dominating the VoIP market and growing just like the Apple iPod revolution.
Conclusion - Join the Skype revolution !!!!
We provided this website as a part of our Virtual Visitation efforts, but also because Skype is 'cool' and will become as common as Email and Instant Messaging in the next few years. There are other solutions and they are good solutions and Google has even announced they will be getting into the VoIP market with a Skype like product. If you use something else, try Skype with some of the add-ons we recommend and let us know what you think.
Wednesday, January 20, 2010
Thursday, January 14, 2010
Y MIS IMPORTANT IN ORGANIZATIONS....
A management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of
prudent and reasonable business decisions.The importance of maintaining a consistent approach to the development, use, and review of MIS systems within the institution must be an ongoing concern of both bank management and OCC examiners. MIS should have a clearly defined framework of guidelines, policies or practices, standards, and procedures for the organization. MIS is viewed and used at many levels by management. It should be supportive of the institution's longer term strategic goals and objectives. To the other extreme it is also those everyday financial accounting systems that are used to ensure basic control is maintained over financial recordkeeping activities. Financial accounting systems and subsystems are just one type of institutional MIS. Financial accounting systems are an important functional element or part of the total MIS structure. However, they are more narrowly focused on the internal balancing of an institution's books to the general ledger and other
financial accounting subsystems. For example, accrual adjustments,reconciling and correcting entries used to reconcile the financial systems to the general ledger are not always immediately entered into other MIS systems.
Accordingly, although MIS and accounting reconcilement totals for related.listings and activities should be similar, they may not necessarily balance.
Without proper MIS, no firm can maximise efficiency and effectiveness : MIS Enhance communication among employees.
• Deliver complex material throughout the institution.
• Provide an objective system for recording and aggregating information.• Reduce expenses related to labor-intensive manual activities.• Support the organization's strategic goals and direction. Because MIS supplies decision makers with facts, it supports and enhances the overall decision making process. MIS also enhances job performance throughout an institution. At the most senior levels, it provides the data and information to help the board and management make strategic decisions. At other levels, MIS provides the means through which the institution's activities are monitored and information is distributed to management, employees, and customers. Effective MIS should ensure the appropriate presentation formats and time frames required by operations and senior management are met. MIS can be maintained and developed by either manual or automated systems or a combination of both. It should always be sufficient to meet an institution's unique business goals and objectives. The effective deliveries of an institution's products and services are supported by the MIS. These systems should be accessible and useable at all appropriate levels of the organization.MIS is a critical component of the institution's overall risk management strategy. MIS supports management's ability to perform such reviews. MIS should be used to recognize, monitor, measure, limit, and manage risks. Risk management involves four main elements:• Policies or practices.• Operational processes. • Staff and management.• Feedback devices.. Frequently, operational processes and feedback devices are intertwined and cannot easily be viewed separately. The most efficient and useable MIS should be both operational and informational. As such, management can use MIS to measure performance, manage resources, and help an institution comply with regulatory requirements. One example of this would be the managing and reporting of loans to insiders. MIS can also be used by management to provide feedback on the effectiveness of risk controls. Controls are developed to support the proper management of risk through the institution's policies or practices, operational processes, and the assignment of duties and responsibilities to staff and managers.
prudent and reasonable business decisions.The importance of maintaining a consistent approach to the development, use, and review of MIS systems within the institution must be an ongoing concern of both bank management and OCC examiners. MIS should have a clearly defined framework of guidelines, policies or practices, standards, and procedures for the organization. MIS is viewed and used at many levels by management. It should be supportive of the institution's longer term strategic goals and objectives. To the other extreme it is also those everyday financial accounting systems that are used to ensure basic control is maintained over financial recordkeeping activities. Financial accounting systems and subsystems are just one type of institutional MIS. Financial accounting systems are an important functional element or part of the total MIS structure. However, they are more narrowly focused on the internal balancing of an institution's books to the general ledger and other
financial accounting subsystems. For example, accrual adjustments,reconciling and correcting entries used to reconcile the financial systems to the general ledger are not always immediately entered into other MIS systems.
Accordingly, although MIS and accounting reconcilement totals for related.listings and activities should be similar, they may not necessarily balance.
Without proper MIS, no firm can maximise efficiency and effectiveness : MIS Enhance communication among employees.
• Deliver complex material throughout the institution.
• Provide an objective system for recording and aggregating information.• Reduce expenses related to labor-intensive manual activities.• Support the organization's strategic goals and direction. Because MIS supplies decision makers with facts, it supports and enhances the overall decision making process. MIS also enhances job performance throughout an institution. At the most senior levels, it provides the data and information to help the board and management make strategic decisions. At other levels, MIS provides the means through which the institution's activities are monitored and information is distributed to management, employees, and customers. Effective MIS should ensure the appropriate presentation formats and time frames required by operations and senior management are met. MIS can be maintained and developed by either manual or automated systems or a combination of both. It should always be sufficient to meet an institution's unique business goals and objectives. The effective deliveries of an institution's products and services are supported by the MIS. These systems should be accessible and useable at all appropriate levels of the organization.MIS is a critical component of the institution's overall risk management strategy. MIS supports management's ability to perform such reviews. MIS should be used to recognize, monitor, measure, limit, and manage risks. Risk management involves four main elements:• Policies or practices.• Operational processes. • Staff and management.• Feedback devices.. Frequently, operational processes and feedback devices are intertwined and cannot easily be viewed separately. The most efficient and useable MIS should be both operational and informational. As such, management can use MIS to measure performance, manage resources, and help an institution comply with regulatory requirements. One example of this would be the managing and reporting of loans to insiders. MIS can also be used by management to provide feedback on the effectiveness of risk controls. Controls are developed to support the proper management of risk through the institution's policies or practices, operational processes, and the assignment of duties and responsibilities to staff and managers.
Monday, January 11, 2010
Sunday, January 10, 2010
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR WIFE
How to take care of your wife:
In the world, one single rule applies to the men: Make the Woman happy. Do something she likes, and you get points. Do something she dislikes and points are subtracted. You don't get any points for doing something she expects. Sorry, that's the way the game is played.
Here is a guide to the point system:
SIMPLE DUTIES
-- You make the bed (+1)
-- You make the bed, but forget the decorative pillow (0)
-- You throw the bedspread over rumpled sheets (-1)
-- You go out to buy her what she wants (+5)
-- In the rain (+8)
-- But return with Beer (-5)
-- You check out a suspicious noise at night (0)
-- You check out a suspicious noise, and it is nothing (0)
-- You check out a suspicious noise and it is something (+5)
-- You pummel it with iron rod (+10)
-- It's her pet (-10)
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENTS
-- You stay by her side the entire party (0)
-- You stay by her side for a while, then leave to chat with a college buddy (-2)
-- Named Tina (-4)
-- Tina is a dancer (-10)
HER BIRTHDAY
-- You take her out to dinner (0)
-- You take her out to dinner and it's not a sports bar (+1)
-- Okay, it's a sports bar (-2)
-- And it's all-you-can- eat night (-3)
-- It's a sports bar, it's all-you-can- eat night, and your face is painted the colours of your favourite team (-10)
A NIGHT OUT
-- You take her to a movie (+2)
-- You take her to a movie she likes (+4)
-- You take her to a movie you hate (+6)
-- You take her to a movie you like (-2)
-- It's called 'DeathCop' (-3)
-- You lied and said it was a foreign film about orphans (-15)
YOUR PHYSIQUE
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly (-15)
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly and exercise to get rid of it (+10)
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly and resort to baggy jeans and baggy Hawaiian shirts (-30)
-- You say, "It doesn't matter, you have one too." (-8000)
ENJOY THE 'BIG' QUESTION
-- She asks, "Do I look fat?" (-5) [Yes, you LOSE points no matter WHAT]
-- You hesitate in responding (-10)
-- You reply, "Where?" (-35)
-- Any other response (-20)
COMMUNICATION
-- When she wants to talk about a problem , you listen, displaying what looks like a concerned _____expression (0)
-- You listen, for over 30 minutes (+50)
-- You listen for more than 30 minutes without looking at the TV (+500)
-- She realizes this is because you have fallen asleep (-10000)
In the world, one single rule applies to the men: Make the Woman happy. Do something she likes, and you get points. Do something she dislikes and points are subtracted. You don't get any points for doing something she expects. Sorry, that's the way the game is played.
Here is a guide to the point system:
SIMPLE DUTIES
-- You make the bed (+1)
-- You make the bed, but forget the decorative pillow (0)
-- You throw the bedspread over rumpled sheets (-1)
-- You go out to buy her what she wants (+5)
-- In the rain (+8)
-- But return with Beer (-5)
-- You check out a suspicious noise at night (0)
-- You check out a suspicious noise, and it is nothing (0)
-- You check out a suspicious noise and it is something (+5)
-- You pummel it with iron rod (+10)
-- It's her pet (-10)
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENTS
-- You stay by her side the entire party (0)
-- You stay by her side for a while, then leave to chat with a college buddy (-2)
-- Named Tina (-4)
-- Tina is a dancer (-10)
HER BIRTHDAY
-- You take her out to dinner (0)
-- You take her out to dinner and it's not a sports bar (+1)
-- Okay, it's a sports bar (-2)
-- And it's all-you-can- eat night (-3)
-- It's a sports bar, it's all-you-can- eat night, and your face is painted the colours of your favourite team (-10)
A NIGHT OUT
-- You take her to a movie (+2)
-- You take her to a movie she likes (+4)
-- You take her to a movie you hate (+6)
-- You take her to a movie you like (-2)
-- It's called 'DeathCop' (-3)
-- You lied and said it was a foreign film about orphans (-15)
YOUR PHYSIQUE
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly (-15)
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly and exercise to get rid of it (+10)
-- You develop a noticeable potbelly and resort to baggy jeans and baggy Hawaiian shirts (-30)
-- You say, "It doesn't matter, you have one too." (-8000)
ENJOY THE 'BIG' QUESTION
-- She asks, "Do I look fat?" (-5) [Yes, you LOSE points no matter WHAT]
-- You hesitate in responding (-10)
-- You reply, "Where?" (-35)
-- Any other response (-20)
COMMUNICATION
-- When she wants to talk about a problem , you listen, displaying what looks like a concerned _____expression (0)
-- You listen, for over 30 minutes (+50)
-- You listen for more than 30 minutes without looking at the TV (+500)
-- She realizes this is because you have fallen asleep (-10000)
Saturday, January 9, 2010
Wednesday, January 6, 2010
PRINCIPLES OF LIFE
DARE TO DREAM THE UNACHIEVABLE............ NOTHING IS IMPOSSIBLE. IF THERE IS WILL, THERE IS A WAY......
WORD OF WISDOM
Nothing comes easy/drops from the sky...... HARDWORK, PATIENCE & PERSISTENCE is the way to SUCCESS........
WORLD OF BROADBAND by McGraw Hill
Welcome to the world of Broadband Telecommunications again in this second edition! In this book,we attempt to deliver a series of different approaches to the use and application of telecommunications' principles, concepts, and guidelines and offer new approaches to the use of voice and data communications.
Last year, I wrote The Voice and Data Communications Handbook, Fourth Edition, as a means of
introducing several new ways of looking at the telecommunications industry. The Voice and Data Handbook is so successful that it begs for a sequel with a more in−depth approach to the more technical aspect of the use of telecommunications. Therefore, my goal is to delve into the topics of broadband communications. For those who have not read other books on this topic, I will attempt to
simplify the concepts discussed. For those who had a chance to read the first book (or others on this topic), I will attempt to pick up where we left off during the first volume. This book is structured by groupings of topics. For example, the first few chapters work with the convergence of voice and data networks as we see the virtual private networks, intelligent networks, and the portability of our
systems for today and the future. Using a combined wired and wireless networking approach, we shall take one component at a time to determine what it is, what it does, and what it typically costs (not so much in actual cost as in opportunity costs).
After the first grouping of chapters, we step into a discussion of signaling systems that make wonderful things happen in the convergence world—coupled with that discussion is the idea of computer and telephony integration. (What better way to describe convergence!) We also look at the concept of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which is not as popular in the North American countries as in many international markets. However, there is still a need to understand
what it is and how it works.
After a few ideas have sunk in, we move on to a higher−speed data networking strategy, with the use of Frame Relay. After Frame Relay, we discuss the use of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)for its merits and benefits. Next, we take the convergence a step farther and delve into the Frame
and ATM internetworking applications—still a great way to carry our voice and data no matter how we slice and dice it. We will also look at the IP−enabled Frame Relay services and Frame over xDSL.
Just when we thought it was safe to use these high−speed services across the Wide Area Network (WAN), we realized that local access is a problem. Entering into the discussion is the high−speed convergence in the local loop arena with the use of CATV and cable modems to access the Internet at Local Area Network (LAN) speeds. Mix in a little xDSL, and we start the fires burning on the local
wires. The use of copper wires or cable TV is the hot issue in data access.
From the discussion of the local loop, we then see the comparisons of a wireless local loop with Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS). These techniques are all based on a form of Microwave, so the comparison of microwave radio techniques is shown.
Last year, I wrote The Voice and Data Communications Handbook, Fourth Edition, as a means of
introducing several new ways of looking at the telecommunications industry. The Voice and Data Handbook is so successful that it begs for a sequel with a more in−depth approach to the more technical aspect of the use of telecommunications. Therefore, my goal is to delve into the topics of broadband communications. For those who have not read other books on this topic, I will attempt to
simplify the concepts discussed. For those who had a chance to read the first book (or others on this topic), I will attempt to pick up where we left off during the first volume. This book is structured by groupings of topics. For example, the first few chapters work with the convergence of voice and data networks as we see the virtual private networks, intelligent networks, and the portability of our
systems for today and the future. Using a combined wired and wireless networking approach, we shall take one component at a time to determine what it is, what it does, and what it typically costs (not so much in actual cost as in opportunity costs).
After the first grouping of chapters, we step into a discussion of signaling systems that make wonderful things happen in the convergence world—coupled with that discussion is the idea of computer and telephony integration. (What better way to describe convergence!) We also look at the concept of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which is not as popular in the North American countries as in many international markets. However, there is still a need to understand
what it is and how it works.
After a few ideas have sunk in, we move on to a higher−speed data networking strategy, with the use of Frame Relay. After Frame Relay, we discuss the use of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)for its merits and benefits. Next, we take the convergence a step farther and delve into the Frame
and ATM internetworking applications—still a great way to carry our voice and data no matter how we slice and dice it. We will also look at the IP−enabled Frame Relay services and Frame over xDSL.
Just when we thought it was safe to use these high−speed services across the Wide Area Network (WAN), we realized that local access is a problem. Entering into the discussion is the high−speed convergence in the local loop arena with the use of CATV and cable modems to access the Internet at Local Area Network (LAN) speeds. Mix in a little xDSL, and we start the fires burning on the local
wires. The use of copper wires or cable TV is the hot issue in data access.
From the discussion of the local loop, we then see the comparisons of a wireless local loop with Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) and Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS). These techniques are all based on a form of Microwave, so the comparison of microwave radio techniques is shown.
WHAT IS MIS.......
A management information system (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal controls of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.[1] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems.[1]
It has been described as, "MIS 'lives' in the space that intersects technology and business. MIS combines tech with business to get people the information they need to do their jobs better/faster/smarter. Information is the lifeblood of all organizations - now more than ever. MIS professionals work as systems analysts, project managers, systems administrators, etc., communicating directly with staff and management across the organization."
[edit] Overview
At the start, in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually and only periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some additional statistic(s), and gave limited and delayed information on management performance. Previously, data had to be separated individually by the people as per the requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data and information was distinguished and instead of the collection of mass of data, important and to the point data that is needed by the organization and was stored.
In their infancy, business computers were used for the practical business of computing the payroll and keeping track of accounts payable and accounts receivable As applications were developed that provided managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise, the term "MIS" arose to describe these kinds of applications. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, project management and database retrieval application.
[edit] Definition
An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. In a way it is a documented report of the activities those were planned and executed. According to Philip Kotler "A marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers." [3]
The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.
Professor Allen S. Lee states that "...research in the information systems field examines more than the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact." .
section one :: technology, organization and business: What is MIS?
Concepts: What do you think of MIS? Is it a technical aspect which only people in computer science or engineering can handle, is it the issue of management or just another buzzword in administration which makes computer support look important. The section will explore different aspects of ideas and concepts which explain the problematic issues happening in modern management today.
What is MIS?
The concepts of MIS have been around since the computer era started. The idea of better living and work was initiated by the advancement of computer technology over the years. 3 schools of thoughts started the idea of automation and computerization; engineering school, computer science and business school. Each had different approaches and understandings to the word "management" and "information system". The word "management" makes it difficult for people to grasp what to be done and what should be learnt to deal with the issue. Presently, 4 ideas of MIS are
- system management = system design and set up, what is the best system design
- information management = information delivery to people who need it, what is the system which delivers information effectively
- information system = the system that holds and distributes useful information, what is the system which delivers information
- management of technology = managing the information system cost-effectively, what is the system which is worth the investment.
All aspects are important to the organization and, obviously, all knowledge is complementary to each other in order to achieve effective and efficient system and get the most out of the money spent.
All of these perspectives are essential in their own ways. As the technology changes, the complexity of management grows. In the 60s, computer required an expert to operate and to set up and the cost of applying computer technology was quite substantial. The following 70s, computer seemed to be more corporate friendly with relatively high-cost and maintenance. Personal computer started to play major role in the 80s. Since then, the computer have been integrated into all aspects of life especially, in business.
The changes occurred in technology and world economy affecting each other in creating inevitable modern ways to do business. Information systems is an essential part of business because the technology has been integrated into the business infrastructure and processes. Rapid computing, communication, database and applications created by technology (multimedia, barcode, video conference etc.) stimulate the competition and new standards of business.
From the other perspective, we can answer why IS is important by referring to:
- Emergence of the Global Economy
Management and Control in a Global Market Place
Competition in World Markets
Global Workgroups
Global Delivery System
Old Economy
Skilled Labor: Work Fast, Knows Specific Skills
Hi-Tech Production: Produce More with Less Costs
Lean Management: Small but Effective
Product Oriented: Make Better/Cheaper Product New Economy
Skilled Labor: Work Smart, Use Effective Tools
Hi-Tech Communication
Smart management: Responsive and Adaptive
Consumer Oriented: Control and Satisfaction
Information Oriented/Information is Product
- Transformation of Industrial Economics
Knowledge and Information-Based Economy
New Products and Services
Knowledge: a central productive and strategic asset
Time-Based Competition
Shorter Product Life
Turbulent Environment
Limited Employee Knowledge Base
- Transformation of Business Enterprise
Flattening
Decentralization
Flexibility
Location Independence
Low transaction and Coordination Costs
Empowerment
Collaborative Work and Teamwork
- The Emerging of Digital Firm
Digitally Relationship Embedded with Customers, Suppliers and Employees
Core Businesses Processes Accomplished via Digital Network
Digital Management of Key Corporate Assets
Rapid Sensing and Responding to Environmental Changes
Knowledge Management
-Concepts: Knowledge Supports Organizational Growth
-Knowledge Sharing Exists
-IT Supports Knowledge Management
-Modern HRD
.
What is the problem in Managing IS?: the problems covers hardware, software, design, management and implementation. Considering external changes, specifically in technology and education, the problems in MIS are created by:
- Rapid Changes in Technology: New inventions/creations always exist
- Changes Technology Standards : Making choices is difficult
- Different Academic Institutions Provides Different Knowledge and Skills: A result of changes in technology: this causes different perceptions and attitudes toward standard or BEST technology
The concept of MIS is intertwined with "Learning Organization"(brint.com) and "Knowledge Management" (CIO.com) idea as a result of the New Economy (Hotwired.com)or with another perspective,the knowledge economy(www.enterweb.org). While "Learning Organization" focuses on the changes of organization in order to compete in new economy and "Knowledge Management" emphasizes on distributing information and knowledge to encourage learning and making less mistakes, MIS has a focus on optimizing technology for better communication and managing the task. These 3 concepts share common goal of pushing organization to change, learn and optimize its existing knowledge.
To think about
> Give examples of business in new economy
> What is your perception of new economy? Explain the changes you see
> What do you think of the concepts of Knowledge Management?
> Think of a small company, what is the existing knowledge management you see.
> new economy requires information/knowledge: why?
> HR is the most important assets: why?
> Organizing/managing information needs technology: why?
> IS's roles are to: provide tech support/ create new ways of using tech/
suggest the better way of using tech
(some more articles)
What is a System?
A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal.
An Information System: Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, analysis and visualization in an organization
IS Resources O'Brien
Information System Activities::
Input of Data resources:: data entry/ data acquisition
Processing Data into Information:: data processing
Output of Information Products:: information products: reports/ forms
Information Quality:: updating:: time-content-form
Storage of Data Resources:: data access/ organization
Control of System Performance:: system performance/accessibility/ reliability of connection
Major Roles of IS:
Support Business Process: Office automation system
Support Decision Making: Production planning, cost reduction
Support Competitive Advantage: Investment analysis
The terms you see in MIS:
Transaction Process System:: TPS process data resulting from business transaction
Process Control System:: Monitor and control industrial process/ flow of the operation
Enterprise Collaboration System:: Workgroup, team support for communication
Management Information System:: provides information for management
Decision Support System:: provides information for decision making
Executive Information System:: Tailored information provided to executives
Expert System:: Knowledge-based system providing expert advice
Knowledge Management System:: knowledge-based system that support the creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge within organization
Strategic Information System:: Support operation and management process that provide a firm with strategic -competitive advantage.
Functional Business System:: system for specific functions
larger version
Knowledge, Information and Data are now considered resources, valuable resources. The new economy requires businesses to compete using not only traditional tactics and tools, but also the access of information and technical technology know-how. Therefore, the understanding and integration of three domains (organization, management and technology) determine the ability of organization to compete and grow.
MIS is the art of managing technology in an organization covering 3 issues:
1- Designing technology/communication system/database for organization for the best use and the most effective infrastructure (intranet)
2- Managing technology within organization= make the operation smooth (evaluation/fine tuning)
3- Using the technology as a strategic tool to deliver organization's policy and objectives
Also MIS is an art of integrating all sciences and managerial skills into practice: computer science, organization theory, operation management, business knowledge and psychology.
Factors to be considered:
Organization's scale and objectives-Large and small organizations are affected by the changes all alike. The scale of change and the magnitude of effects will be different. Still, the approaches are the same- How to make people change effectively and smoothly.
Leader's Vision/Knowledge- The leader's vision of technology and change is crucial, maybe the most essential one. Any changes require leadership, vision and responsibilities.
Technology Availability and the environment- Even though all are planned and thought through, some resources; technical and physical, might not be supportive
Comments: Most cases used in MIS study are western cases which have their own cultural characteristics; problem solving, underlying western culture, and its large scale of business. Therefore, in studying case study, you need to analyze and synthesize your own approach to the problems.
IS is important to business, why?:
IS => Better Information:
IS => Better Communication:
IS => Better management:
IS => Better Idea:
IS => Better Learning Process
What do I need to know to understand MIS
It's quite clear that the system will be effective as long as the analysis, design, programming and implementation are done appropriately. Laudon & Laudon has stated the importance of all knowledge in many fields needed to be integrated and managed properly which would create a system that carry out the objectives and goal of the firm.
Knowledge required for studying MIS:
computer science database management
networking
programming
business management organization
evaluating technology
change management
human resource management
knowledge management
psychology human behavior
Conceptual Framework of MIS
>Laudon & Laudon :: MIS-organization and technology
>> socio technical approach
>James O' Brien :: MIS-Managing Information Technology in the E-Business Enterprise
>> Integrating multidisplinary processes in managing technology
There are no differences in both frameworks. In fact O' Brien perception explains more in details of what are underlying factors of management and organization in IS implementation.
O' Brien focuses on management which he believes that it will assist the changes and development. Both books provide 2 perspectives of developing effective IS in existing organization (Laudon) and for hi-tech - strategic competitive advantage (O'Brien). And both are important to understand and utilize.
As mentioned earlier, different kinds of organizations, culture, scale and types of business are important. Therefore, the analysis of each case needs a careful consideration and understanding of organization and environment. Success depends on good understanding of the problem or challenge and effective solution.
a little case
Intranet::
>How can we design an intranet system for organization?
>What is your concept of intranet?
>Why should we have in the intranet?
>What can intranet do for the organization?
>What are benefits the organization will gain from the intranet?
>In order to establish the intranet concepts, what do you have to know?
Business Cases
The use of ICT:: what businesses are doing with ICT..
>Commercial Bank: Should the databases for ATM be distributed or centralized database?
>Commercial Bank: What are the problems in designing databases for Online transaction?
>News Media: Should newspaper invest on Online-News-Service?
>Wholesale business: What Macro/Lotus/Big C can do with customers' information?
>Insurance company: How can AIA take advantage of new communication technology?
>Multinational company: Will intranet and email system help CP?
>Government services: How can the police use the internet to stop the crime?
MIS in Business Environment
>MIS is a part & process of business (L&L)
The diagram shows the relationship between different disciplines and the process of carrying out business solutions. Interestingly, IS involves in all functions of business. As it is an infrastructure of the business, it is needed to be managed within each functionality (accounting, marketing etc) and throughout the organization (strategic level) which makes the designing and implementing effective IS quite a challenge.
What is your Job as an IT officer?(if you happen to be one)
.
What do you want/have to do as an IT professional?
1 System Support: provide help to all computer/technical problems in organization
2 Programmer: maintain/fix/program/design system for business applications
3 IT manager: plan for technology use in organization
4 Information support officer: design, plan and implement technology in organization
5 General Manager: use/plan technology as a strategic tool for organization
6 CIO: Chief Information Officer: use/plan technology for all functions in organization
Problems you will face as an IT professionals.
always problems..
1 System Support: users do not learn how to solve problems themselves
2 Programmer: users require more features in applications or system
3 IT manager: resistance to change or to accept new system/ better training
4 Information support officer: getting information from users in designing system
5 General Manager: making decisions on choosing/changing technology
6 CIO: Chief Information Officer: maintain e
Concepts of MIS: Management information systems
Main Ideas
1 Some problems do not need technology: understand problems and business clearly
2 Technology is costly: if you make wrong decisions
3 Problems of IS is mainly caused by human: The implementation and design of the system depend on user acceptance
4 Technology is not a business tool: Technology is organizational infrastructure
5 Productivity cannot be measured?
6 Learning technology: Teaching technology: Adapting Technology
7 Organization+management+technology = MIS
Assignment #1: answer these questions.
>Choose the best person for the Job: who will be the best MIS manager?
>Why MIS is important?
cases:
1) the book industry and digital revolution
2) China's baby step in E-Commerce
3) the case of DNA scan
How to Analyze a Business Information System Problem
Business information system problems in practice represent a combination of management, organization and technology issues. In order to appropriately approach the problem, these are steps that have to be considered:
1) identify the problem: what kind of problem is it? make sure you understand the problem clearly
2) what is the solution to the problem: are there any alternatives
3) how will this solution provide value for the firm
4) what technologies could be used to generate the solution
5) what chnages to organizational processes will be required by the solution
6) what management policy will be required to implement the solution
It has been described as, "MIS 'lives' in the space that intersects technology and business. MIS combines tech with business to get people the information they need to do their jobs better/faster/smarter. Information is the lifeblood of all organizations - now more than ever. MIS professionals work as systems analysts, project managers, systems administrators, etc., communicating directly with staff and management across the organization."
[edit] Overview
At the start, in businesses and other organizations, internal reporting was made manually and only periodically, as a by-product of the accounting system and with some additional statistic(s), and gave limited and delayed information on management performance. Previously, data had to be separated individually by the people as per the requirement and necessity of the organization. Later, data and information was distinguished and instead of the collection of mass of data, important and to the point data that is needed by the organization and was stored.
In their infancy, business computers were used for the practical business of computing the payroll and keeping track of accounts payable and accounts receivable As applications were developed that provided managers with information about sales, inventories, and other data that would help in managing the enterprise, the term "MIS" arose to describe these kinds of applications. Today, the term is used broadly in a number of contexts and includes (but is not limited to): decision support systems, resource and people management applications, project management and database retrieval application.
[edit] Definition
An 'MIS' is a planned system of the collecting, processing, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management. In a way it is a documented report of the activities those were planned and executed. According to Philip Kotler "A marketing information system consists of people, equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers." [3]
The terms MIS and information system are often confused. Information systems include systems that are not intended for decision making. The area of study called MIS is sometimes referred to, in a restrictive sense, as information technology management. That area of study should not be confused with computer science. IT service management is a practitioner-focused discipline. MIS has also some differences with Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) as ERP incorporates elements that are not necessarily focused on decision support.
Professor Allen S. Lee states that "...research in the information systems field examines more than the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact." .
section one :: technology, organization and business: What is MIS?
Concepts: What do you think of MIS? Is it a technical aspect which only people in computer science or engineering can handle, is it the issue of management or just another buzzword in administration which makes computer support look important. The section will explore different aspects of ideas and concepts which explain the problematic issues happening in modern management today.
What is MIS?
The concepts of MIS have been around since the computer era started. The idea of better living and work was initiated by the advancement of computer technology over the years. 3 schools of thoughts started the idea of automation and computerization; engineering school, computer science and business school. Each had different approaches and understandings to the word "management" and "information system". The word "management" makes it difficult for people to grasp what to be done and what should be learnt to deal with the issue. Presently, 4 ideas of MIS are
- system management = system design and set up, what is the best system design
- information management = information delivery to people who need it, what is the system which delivers information effectively
- information system = the system that holds and distributes useful information, what is the system which delivers information
- management of technology = managing the information system cost-effectively, what is the system which is worth the investment.
All aspects are important to the organization and, obviously, all knowledge is complementary to each other in order to achieve effective and efficient system and get the most out of the money spent.
All of these perspectives are essential in their own ways. As the technology changes, the complexity of management grows. In the 60s, computer required an expert to operate and to set up and the cost of applying computer technology was quite substantial. The following 70s, computer seemed to be more corporate friendly with relatively high-cost and maintenance. Personal computer started to play major role in the 80s. Since then, the computer have been integrated into all aspects of life especially, in business.
The changes occurred in technology and world economy affecting each other in creating inevitable modern ways to do business. Information systems is an essential part of business because the technology has been integrated into the business infrastructure and processes. Rapid computing, communication, database and applications created by technology (multimedia, barcode, video conference etc.) stimulate the competition and new standards of business.
From the other perspective, we can answer why IS is important by referring to:
- Emergence of the Global Economy
Management and Control in a Global Market Place
Competition in World Markets
Global Workgroups
Global Delivery System
Old Economy
Skilled Labor: Work Fast, Knows Specific Skills
Hi-Tech Production: Produce More with Less Costs
Lean Management: Small but Effective
Product Oriented: Make Better/Cheaper Product New Economy
Skilled Labor: Work Smart, Use Effective Tools
Hi-Tech Communication
Smart management: Responsive and Adaptive
Consumer Oriented: Control and Satisfaction
Information Oriented/Information is Product
- Transformation of Industrial Economics
Knowledge and Information-Based Economy
New Products and Services
Knowledge: a central productive and strategic asset
Time-Based Competition
Shorter Product Life
Turbulent Environment
Limited Employee Knowledge Base
- Transformation of Business Enterprise
Flattening
Decentralization
Flexibility
Location Independence
Low transaction and Coordination Costs
Empowerment
Collaborative Work and Teamwork
- The Emerging of Digital Firm
Digitally Relationship Embedded with Customers, Suppliers and Employees
Core Businesses Processes Accomplished via Digital Network
Digital Management of Key Corporate Assets
Rapid Sensing and Responding to Environmental Changes
Knowledge Management
-Concepts: Knowledge Supports Organizational Growth
-Knowledge Sharing Exists
-IT Supports Knowledge Management
-Modern HRD
.
What is the problem in Managing IS?: the problems covers hardware, software, design, management and implementation. Considering external changes, specifically in technology and education, the problems in MIS are created by:
- Rapid Changes in Technology: New inventions/creations always exist
- Changes Technology Standards : Making choices is difficult
- Different Academic Institutions Provides Different Knowledge and Skills: A result of changes in technology: this causes different perceptions and attitudes toward standard or BEST technology
The concept of MIS is intertwined with "Learning Organization"(brint.com) and "Knowledge Management" (CIO.com) idea as a result of the New Economy (Hotwired.com)or with another perspective,the knowledge economy(www.enterweb.org). While "Learning Organization" focuses on the changes of organization in order to compete in new economy and "Knowledge Management" emphasizes on distributing information and knowledge to encourage learning and making less mistakes, MIS has a focus on optimizing technology for better communication and managing the task. These 3 concepts share common goal of pushing organization to change, learn and optimize its existing knowledge.
To think about
> Give examples of business in new economy
> What is your perception of new economy? Explain the changes you see
> What do you think of the concepts of Knowledge Management?
> Think of a small company, what is the existing knowledge management you see.
> new economy requires information/knowledge: why?
> HR is the most important assets: why?
> Organizing/managing information needs technology: why?
> IS's roles are to: provide tech support/ create new ways of using tech/
suggest the better way of using tech
(some more articles)
What is a System?
A system is a group of interrelated components working together toward a common goal.
An Information System: Interrelated components working together to collect, process, store and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, analysis and visualization in an organization
IS Resources O'Brien
Information System Activities::
Input of Data resources:: data entry/ data acquisition
Processing Data into Information:: data processing
Output of Information Products:: information products: reports/ forms
Information Quality:: updating:: time-content-form
Storage of Data Resources:: data access/ organization
Control of System Performance:: system performance/accessibility/ reliability of connection
Major Roles of IS:
Support Business Process: Office automation system
Support Decision Making: Production planning, cost reduction
Support Competitive Advantage: Investment analysis
The terms you see in MIS:
Transaction Process System:: TPS process data resulting from business transaction
Process Control System:: Monitor and control industrial process/ flow of the operation
Enterprise Collaboration System:: Workgroup, team support for communication
Management Information System:: provides information for management
Decision Support System:: provides information for decision making
Executive Information System:: Tailored information provided to executives
Expert System:: Knowledge-based system providing expert advice
Knowledge Management System:: knowledge-based system that support the creation, organization, and dissemination of business knowledge within organization
Strategic Information System:: Support operation and management process that provide a firm with strategic -competitive advantage.
Functional Business System:: system for specific functions
larger version
Knowledge, Information and Data are now considered resources, valuable resources. The new economy requires businesses to compete using not only traditional tactics and tools, but also the access of information and technical technology know-how. Therefore, the understanding and integration of three domains (organization, management and technology) determine the ability of organization to compete and grow.
MIS is the art of managing technology in an organization covering 3 issues:
1- Designing technology/communication system/database for organization for the best use and the most effective infrastructure (intranet)
2- Managing technology within organization= make the operation smooth (evaluation/fine tuning)
3- Using the technology as a strategic tool to deliver organization's policy and objectives
Also MIS is an art of integrating all sciences and managerial skills into practice: computer science, organization theory, operation management, business knowledge and psychology.
Factors to be considered:
Organization's scale and objectives-Large and small organizations are affected by the changes all alike. The scale of change and the magnitude of effects will be different. Still, the approaches are the same- How to make people change effectively and smoothly.
Leader's Vision/Knowledge- The leader's vision of technology and change is crucial, maybe the most essential one. Any changes require leadership, vision and responsibilities.
Technology Availability and the environment- Even though all are planned and thought through, some resources; technical and physical, might not be supportive
Comments: Most cases used in MIS study are western cases which have their own cultural characteristics; problem solving, underlying western culture, and its large scale of business. Therefore, in studying case study, you need to analyze and synthesize your own approach to the problems.
IS is important to business, why?:
IS => Better Information:
IS => Better Communication:
IS => Better management:
IS => Better Idea:
IS => Better Learning Process
What do I need to know to understand MIS
It's quite clear that the system will be effective as long as the analysis, design, programming and implementation are done appropriately. Laudon & Laudon has stated the importance of all knowledge in many fields needed to be integrated and managed properly which would create a system that carry out the objectives and goal of the firm.
Knowledge required for studying MIS:
computer science database management
networking
programming
business management organization
evaluating technology
change management
human resource management
knowledge management
psychology human behavior
Conceptual Framework of MIS
>Laudon & Laudon :: MIS-organization and technology
>> socio technical approach
>James O' Brien :: MIS-Managing Information Technology in the E-Business Enterprise
>> Integrating multidisplinary processes in managing technology
There are no differences in both frameworks. In fact O' Brien perception explains more in details of what are underlying factors of management and organization in IS implementation.
O' Brien focuses on management which he believes that it will assist the changes and development. Both books provide 2 perspectives of developing effective IS in existing organization (Laudon) and for hi-tech - strategic competitive advantage (O'Brien). And both are important to understand and utilize.
As mentioned earlier, different kinds of organizations, culture, scale and types of business are important. Therefore, the analysis of each case needs a careful consideration and understanding of organization and environment. Success depends on good understanding of the problem or challenge and effective solution.
a little case
Intranet::
>How can we design an intranet system for organization?
>What is your concept of intranet?
>Why should we have in the intranet?
>What can intranet do for the organization?
>What are benefits the organization will gain from the intranet?
>In order to establish the intranet concepts, what do you have to know?
Business Cases
The use of ICT:: what businesses are doing with ICT..
>Commercial Bank: Should the databases for ATM be distributed or centralized database?
>Commercial Bank: What are the problems in designing databases for Online transaction?
>News Media: Should newspaper invest on Online-News-Service?
>Wholesale business: What Macro/Lotus/Big C can do with customers' information?
>Insurance company: How can AIA take advantage of new communication technology?
>Multinational company: Will intranet and email system help CP?
>Government services: How can the police use the internet to stop the crime?
MIS in Business Environment
>MIS is a part & process of business (L&L)
The diagram shows the relationship between different disciplines and the process of carrying out business solutions. Interestingly, IS involves in all functions of business. As it is an infrastructure of the business, it is needed to be managed within each functionality (accounting, marketing etc) and throughout the organization (strategic level) which makes the designing and implementing effective IS quite a challenge.
What is your Job as an IT officer?(if you happen to be one)
.
What do you want/have to do as an IT professional?
1 System Support: provide help to all computer/technical problems in organization
2 Programmer: maintain/fix/program/design system for business applications
3 IT manager: plan for technology use in organization
4 Information support officer: design, plan and implement technology in organization
5 General Manager: use/plan technology as a strategic tool for organization
6 CIO: Chief Information Officer: use/plan technology for all functions in organization
Problems you will face as an IT professionals.
always problems..
1 System Support: users do not learn how to solve problems themselves
2 Programmer: users require more features in applications or system
3 IT manager: resistance to change or to accept new system/ better training
4 Information support officer: getting information from users in designing system
5 General Manager: making decisions on choosing/changing technology
6 CIO: Chief Information Officer: maintain e
Concepts of MIS: Management information systems
Main Ideas
1 Some problems do not need technology: understand problems and business clearly
2 Technology is costly: if you make wrong decisions
3 Problems of IS is mainly caused by human: The implementation and design of the system depend on user acceptance
4 Technology is not a business tool: Technology is organizational infrastructure
5 Productivity cannot be measured?
6 Learning technology: Teaching technology: Adapting Technology
7 Organization+management+technology = MIS
Assignment #1: answer these questions.
>Choose the best person for the Job: who will be the best MIS manager?
>Why MIS is important?
cases:
1) the book industry and digital revolution
2) China's baby step in E-Commerce
3) the case of DNA scan
How to Analyze a Business Information System Problem
Business information system problems in practice represent a combination of management, organization and technology issues. In order to appropriately approach the problem, these are steps that have to be considered:
1) identify the problem: what kind of problem is it? make sure you understand the problem clearly
2) what is the solution to the problem: are there any alternatives
3) how will this solution provide value for the firm
4) what technologies could be used to generate the solution
5) what chnages to organizational processes will be required by the solution
6) what management policy will be required to implement the solution
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
